Want to read more about the cultural implications of algorithms — from YouTube search to Galileo? Wondering what algorithmic bias is and how people are trying to grapple with it? Here’s an assortment of links that may be of interest:
Academic and professional publications
David Danks & Alex London: Algorithmic Bias in Autonomous Systems
Sophie Bishop: Anxiety, panic and self-optimization: Inequalities and the YouTube algorithm
Nick Seaver: Algorithms as Culture: Some tactics for the ethnography of algorithmic systems
Megan Garcia: Racist in the Machine: The Disturbing Implications of Algorithmic Bias
Solon Barocas and Andrew D. Selbst: California Law Review: Big Data’s Disparate Impact
Dan McQuillan: Data Science as Machinic Neoplatonism
Keith Kirkpatrick: Battling Algorithmic Bias
Kate Crawford and Trevor Paglen: Excavating AI
Safiya Umoja Noble: Algorithms of Oppression — How Search Engines Reinforce Racism
Stepan Komkov & Aleksandr Petiushko. AdvHat: Real-world adversarial attack on ArcFace Face ID system
MIT AI Ethics Education Curriculum (Middle school students consider algorithmic bias and propose YouTube redesigns.)
Joy Buolamwini: “Response: Racial and Gender bias in Amazon Rekognition — Commercial AI System for Analyzing Faces.” (Discusses and links to Buolamwini’s research.)
Amy Alexander: SVEN (Surveillance Video Entertainment Network): Looking Back and Forward
Amy Alexander: About… Software, Surveillance, Scariness, Subjectivity
(and SVEN) (2006/2008). Originally published by Springer. End of pp. 470-471 I write about algorithmic bias mid-2000’s style: Google PageRank (search algorithms) and IRS.
Amy Alexander: The Algorithm is the Message: What the Robot Saw.
Amy Alexander: What the Robot Saw. Paper for XCoAx 2020, 8th Conference on Computation, Communication, Aesthetics & X.
Non-academic publications
Anouk Vleugels, The Next Web: Want AI to be less biased? Cherish your female programmers 2018
Paul Mozur, NYTimes: One Month, 500,000 Face Scans: How China Is Using A.I. to Profile a Minority 2019
Jillur Quddus, Digital Leaders: The Future of AI; Bias Amplification & Algorithmic Determinism 2018
Zeynep Tufekci, NYTimes: YouTube, the Great Radicalizer 2018
Kelly Weill, Daily Beast: YouTube Tweaks Algorithm to Fight 9/11 Truthers, Flat Earthers, Miracle Cures 2019
Tom Simonite, Wired: How Coders Are Fighting Bias in Facial Recognition Software 2018
Raymond Biesinger, Politico: Is your Software Racist? 2018
Jackie Snow, MIT Technology Review: Bias already exists in search engine results, and it’s only going to get worse. Interview with Safiya Umoja Noble. 2018
James Vincent, The Verge: Google ‘fixed’ its racist algorithm by removing gorillas from its image-labeling tech 2018
Tom Simonite, Wired: Machines Learn a Sexist View of Women 2017
Sharon Begley, Stat News: Racial bias skews algorithms widely used to guide care from heart surgery to birth, study finds. 2020
Jack Nicas, New York Times: YouTube Cut Down Misinformation. Then It Boosted Fox News. 2020
Guillaume Chaslot
Joy Buolamwini